Level 9 — System Integration
From separate components to a working robot
System integration is where robotics becomes real. Individual parts may work perfectly on their own, but only integration reveals whether a robot is truly functional.
This level focuses on combining mechanics, electronics, control, sensing, and logic into a coherent, reliable system.
System architecture
Architecture defines how subsystems interact. Clear boundaries reduce complexity and prevent cascading failures.
- mechanical structure
- power and electronics
- sensing
- control loops
- embedded logic
- communication interfaces
Integration order
Integration should follow a structured sequence to isolate problems.
- mechanics first — verify structure and motion
- power second — confirm stable electrical behavior
- sensing — validate raw data
- control — close feedback loops
- logic and navigation — add behavior
Testing strategy
Testing should be incremental and repeatable. Never integrate everything at once.
- test each subsystem independently
- use simple test routines
- log behavior and verify assumptions
Typical integration failures
- power instability under full load
- sensor interference from motors
- timing conflicts between tasks
- unexpected mechanical resonance
- hidden coupling between subsystems
System-level debugging
Debugging at system level requires stepping back and observing interactions between subsystems.
- disable features to isolate issues
- monitor power and timing under load
- verify assumptions continuously
Engineering mindset
Integration is not about making it work once — it is about making it work reliably.
- clarity over complexity
- determinism over magic
- discipline over shortcuts
What you should know after Level 9
- how to integrate robotic subsystems safely
- why architecture matters
- how to approach system-level failures
- how to think like a robotics engineer
Robotics Fundamentals — completed